Author: Panduan Skripsi

Cera alba is purified wax from the honeycomb of the bee Apis Mallifera. Cera alba used as
binder oil and might increase the melting point of lip base. Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a
natural substance contains betanin as natural colorant. In this study, beet juice was used
as colorant in the form of lipgloss with cera alba as wax. The objective of this study is to
determine the effect of increasing concentration of cera alba on the viscosity of beet
lipgloss. The lipgloss was formulated in 4 formulas at various cera alba concentration : 3,
4, 5, and 6%, respectively. Each formula was evaluated for organoleptic, homogenity, and
viscosity. The results showed that the viscosity of beet juice lipgloss increased with the
increase in cera alba concentration. One-way ANOVA statistical analysis showed that p<0.05 which means there were significant differences among all formula. The conclusion

Ciplukan is a plant that widely used as a traditional medicine e.g : anti-inflammatory, bronchitis, ulcers, cancer, tumors, leukemia and diabetes mellitus due to chemical compounds like saponin , terpenoids, and alkaloids. This research was conducted by making extract ciplukan effervescent tablet using sodium lauryl sulfat, PEG 6000 and sodium benzoate as lubricant. This tablet was made in 3 formula i.e 2% of sodium lauryl sulfat (F1), 3% of PEG 6000 (F2) and 4% of sodium benzoate. The tablet was evaluated for weight uniformity, size uniformity, hardness, friability, dissolve time, and pH’s test. The result shows that the comparison of lubricant can give different in dissolving time. Formula II shows the dissolving time quicker than formula I and formula III. By one way ANOVA analyses with 95% of significance level , among all combinations showed a significant differences.

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate (MAP) is one of derivatives of vitamin C which is more stable in water. MAP hydrophilic nature makes it difficult to penetrate the stratum corneum. Therefore, to increase the penetration, MAP is encapsulated in a liposome system. The sonication can be used to regulated the vesicles size and increase the entrapment efficiency. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of sonicator usage time on entrapment efficiency. The thin layer hydration method was used to prepare MAP liposomes with a ratio of lecithin and cholesterol in 30: 1, respectively. The variations of sonicator usage time were 10,15 and 20 minutes. Characterization of liposomes was observed by morphology, vesicle size and drug entrapment studies. The results showed that MAP entrapment efficiency percentage consecutively was 63.4705%; 70.4261%; and 78.0869%; while the size obtained is 466.9 nm; 298.6 nm; and 179.4 nm. One-way ANOVA test results showed a significant difference in each treatment. It can be concluded that the increasing sonicator usage time can decrease vesicle size and increase entrapment efficiency of MAP liposomes.
Keywords: Liposomes, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Sonication, Sonicator

Probiotics are living microorganisms that can have a positive impact on health when consumed in adequate amounts. This research aimed to determine the effect of different binders on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus, a member of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). The probiotic granules were prepared with wet granulation method using mannitol as the filling ingredient. Formulas I-III used acacia as a binder (3%, 4%, and 5%), while Formulas IV-VI used sodium alginate (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). The probiotic granules produced from all formulas were evaluated for flow time, the angle of repose, compressibility, and LAB viability. The LAB viability test results showed that all of the six formulas met the probiotic requirements, i.e., at least 107 CFUs (Colony Forming Units) per gram. The viable LAB in Formulas I-VI were 3.94×107, 4.4×107, 2.7×107, 2.6×107, 3.5×107, and 2.3×107 CFU/g, respectively. The data were analyzed by comparing the average values of the One-Sample T-Test results, followed by Mann-Whitney test. The results revealed that each formula had different capacity in maintaining the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus with different binders (i.e., acacia and sodium alginate) as a probiotic product. Formula II (4% of acacia) produced probiotic granules that met the requirements of compressibility and the angle of repose. However, its granular flow time exceeded the standard.

Various relics of colonialism must be maintained as part of the nation’s experience in its
struggle for independence. The existence of buildings or historic objects in Indonesia is regulated in
the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 Year 2010 About Cultural Heritage. Article 1 of Law
Number 11 Year 2010 which is meant cultural heritage is cultural heritage in the form of Object of
Culture, Heritage Building, Cultural Structure, Cultural Heritage Site, and Heritage Area on land and
/ or in water that need to be preserved due to has an important value for history, science, education,
religion, and / or culture through the process of determination. One of the most well preserved cultural
heritages is Fort Rotterdam. Fort Rotterdam Fort is a small part of a country puzzle called Indonesia.
Glory and greatness of the Kingdom of Gowa, able to be presented through Fort Rotterdam as a
cultural heritage object that continues to be preserved by the local government. Although there are
many objects of cultural heritage in Makassar, Fort Rotterdam deserves to be an icon of Makassar
City, as well as will be able to attract the attention of local and international tourists. Fort Rotterdam
can also be a source of learning for learners. Learners should be more familiar with the history of the
nation so that the growing awareness of history and the stronger sense of nationalism of learners.

Abstrak: Berbagai peninggalan masa kolonialisme tersebut harus dipelihara sebagai bagian dari
pengalaman bangsa dalam perjuangannya merebut kemerdekaan. Keberadaan bangunan atau benda
bersejarah di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2010
Tentang Cagar Budaya. Pasal 1 Undang undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 yang dimaksud cagar budaya
adalah warisan budaya bersifat kebendaan berupa Benda Cagar Budaya, Bangunan Cagar Budaya,
Struktur agar Budaya, Situs Cagar Budaya, dan Kawasan Cagar Budaya di darat dan/atau di air yang
perlu dilestarikan keberadaannya karena memiliki nilai penting bagi sejarah, ilmu pengetahuan,
pendidikan, agama, dan/atau kebudayaan melalui proses penetapan. Salah satu cagar budaya yang
masih terpelihara dengan baik adalah Benteng Ford Rotterdam. Benteng Fort Rotterdam merupakan
bagian kecil dari sebuah puzzle negara yang bernama Indonesia. Kejayaan dan kebesaran Kerajaan
Gowa, mampu dihadirkan melalui Benteng Fort Rotterdam sebagai benda cagar budaya yang terus
dijaga kelestariannya oleh pemerintah daerah. Meskipun ada banyak benda cagar budaya di Kota
Makassar, Benteng Fort Rotterdam layak dijadikan ikon Kota Makassar, sekaligus akan mampu
menarik perhatian wisatawan lokal maupun internasional. Benteng Fort Rotterdam juga dapat
dijadikan sumber belajar peserta didik. Peserta didik harus lebih mengenal dengan sejarah bangsanya
supaya semakin tumbuh kesadaran sejarah dan semakin kuat rasa nasionalisme peserta didik.

Kemampuan naratif merupakan ketrampilan yang berkaitan dengan bahasa ekspresi (expressivelanguage), termasuk bagaimana menggambarkan atau menceritakan berbagai hal, dan termasukmenceritakan kembali (retelling) kisah atau cerita yang sudah didengarkan (storytelling).Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di Madrasah Muhammadiyah Bandar Lampung, guru menjadikomunikator yang harus memiliki kemampuan ini. Pesan-pesan yang disampaikan baik berupapengetahuan, nilai-nilai, dan nasehat akan mampu diterima dan dipahami dengan baik oleh siswaapabila ditunjang ketrampilan ini. Metode yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan pengabdian meliputiobservasi partisipatoris, dimana tim melakukan pengamatan terhadap kegiatan-kegiatan yangdilakukan oleh mitra, selanjutnya dilakukan diskusi dan wawancara dengan kepala madrasah danguru, dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan materi, feedback, diskusi, sharing pengalaman diikuti denganpraktek, dan terakhir membahas rencana tindak lanjut. Hasil dari kegiatan dapat diidentifikasibahwa menurut para peserta, penguatan guru melalui kegiatan ini dapat dilakukan secara periodikdan berkelanjutan, selain itu guru menjadi termotivasi untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan naratif,termasuk disini adalah peningkatan kemampuan berkomunikasi secara lebih efektif, tepatsasaran, dan berbobot, baik dengan mitra sejawat, orang tua siswa, dan siswa. Selanjutnya paraguru terdorong untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya melalui berbagai perangkat yang dapatmereka akses, misal dengan mengakses internet melalui berbagai media social dan media lainyang terjangkau oleh mereka.

Tocopheryl acetate is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is
converted to free tocopherol and provides beneficial antioxidant effects. Lecithin is one of the main components
of liposomes vesicles forming. The higher the phospholipid used, the more vesicles are formed, so that drug
use is also expected to be optimal. This study aims to determine the effect of increased lecithin concentration
on the efficiency of vitamin E application in liposomes made by thin layer hydration method. In this study
3 formulas were prepared using cholesterol and lecithin with a ratio of 20 mg each:100 mg (F I), 20 mg:400 mg
(F II) and 20 mg:700 mg (F III). Evaluation of liposomes, among others, the efficiency of adsorption, particle
size and morphology. The results showed the formulation of vitamin E in liposome using thin layer hydration
method obtained liposomal adsorption efficiency from F I to F III, respectively that is 41,3799%; 47.6162% and
52.7216%. It can be concluded that an increase in lecithin concentration may increase the efficiency of the
adsorption in which F III is the best formula for improving the efficiency of adsorption.

Ciplukan is a plant that widely used as a traditional medicine e.g : anti-inflammatory, bronchitis, ulcers, cancer, tumors, leukemia and diabetes mellitus due to chemical compounds like saponin , terpenoids, and alkaloids. This research was conducted by making extract ciplukan effervescent tablet using sodium lauryl sulfat, PEG 6000 and sodium benzoate as lubricant. This tablet was made in 3 formula i.e 2% of sodium lauryl sulfat (F1), 3% of PEG 6000 (F2) and 4% of sodium benzoate. The tablet was evaluated for weight uniformity, size uniformity, hardness, friability, dissolve time, and pH’s test. The result shows that the comparison of lubricant can give different in dissolving time. Formula II shows the dissolving time quicker than formula I and formula III. By one way ANOVA analyses with 95% of significance level , among all combinations showed a significant differences.

Senyawa turunan kumarin menunjukkan aktivitas anti koagulasi darah, menghambat kerja enzim, antimikroba, antibiotik, dan anti kanker dengan mengganggu sintesa DNA/RNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh hubungan kuantitatif struktur-aktivitas senyawa turunan kumarin terhadap reseptor kanker kolon dengan pendekatan Hansch melalui analisis multilinear, untuk dapat melakukan modifikasi senyawa berdasarkan persamaan HKSA dalam usaha memperbesar potensi dan selektifitas obat. Metode: Deskriptor yang terpilih mewakili parameter elektronik,hidrofobik dan sterik. Penambatan molekul dilakukan dengan menggunakan Autodock Vina untuk menganalisa interaksi dari turunan kumarin terhadap enzim Topoisomerase II. Hasil: Hasil persamaan HKSA yang didapat telah tervalidasi dengan metode LOO (Leave One Out) adalah Log IC50= -4.047+(0.496 x AM1_dipol) + (-0.089 x AM1_HOMO) + (0.899 x logP(o/w)) + (0.903 x logS) + (0.351 x mr). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan IC50 prediksi dari senyawa yang di modifikasi (MOD2) dengan subtituen NO2 mempunyai aktivitas terbaik dengan (ΔGbind) terendah (-8.8 Kcal/mol) dan memiliki IC50 prediksi terkecil yaitu 1.0897 μM dibandingkan IC50 lead compound (C14) yaitu 1.77 μM. Kesimpulan: Senyawa yang telah dimodifikasi (MOD2) memperlihatkan interaksi yang baik dengan reseptor kanker Topoisomerase II dengan menghasilkan energi bebas sebesar -8,8 kcal/mol.

Nigella sativa oil has been known to have potent anti-inflammatory activity. This research
aimed to determine the anti-inflammation activity of Nigella sativa oil in a simple balm stick by topical
application. The activity was checked using two methods: carrageenan-induced paw oedema and
granuloma pouch on rats. The results showed that balm sticks which contained 10% Nigella sativa
could overcome both acute and sub-acute inflammation showing by high oedema inhibition (60.64%),
low leucocytes count (43.55% lower than control) as well as a notable TNF-� concentration (50%
lower than control) on the inflamed area. In conclusion, topical application of a Nigella sativa balm
stick was effective for both acute and sub-acute forms of inflammation.