Tag: ciracas.id

Pharmacognostical, Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation and Flavonoids Content of Paederia foetida Linn.

Paederia foetida, locally (Indonesia) known as “sembukan “and “skunkvine” (English), is one of Rubiaceae
family member that has a diverse pharmacological and phytochemical importance. The name derives from the
distinct odor when the leaves are crushed. The species name “foetida” is a Latin word for “stinky” or “foul
smelling”. The current work was investigated to perform the morphoanatomical, physicochemical,
phytochemical analysis and flavonoids content of Paederia foetida Linn. Pharmacognostical studies were carried
out for different parameters include macroscopic, microscopic, and fluorescence. Physicochemical parameters,
like the loss on drying, ash value, extractive values, etc. were measured as per WHO guidelines. Preliminary
phytochemical screening was also performed for major groups of compounds and the flavonoid content. The
TLC profile of the leaves extracts (n-hexane, DCM and ethanolic) of P. foetida showed 9, 7 and 3 spots
respectively in the different solvents. The total flavonoid concentration was 1.32 mg/g, expressed as quercetin
equivalents. The various macroscopic, microscopic, physical and phytochemical parameters listed here for P.
foetida, and the present work can be used with respect to its identification, authentication, and standardization.

Potential Drug-Drug Interaction and Actual Adverse Event in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Indonesia often occurs in elderly (geriatric) patients
with various complications that cause polypharmacy which can increase the risk of drug-drug
interactions (DDIs). This study aimed to determine the incidence of DDIs and actual adverse
events in geriatric patients with CKD. This was a descriptive study where the samples were
collected retrospectively from medical record of the patients admitted in one tertiary care hospital
in Jakarta. Potential drug interaction was screened electronically using a drug interaction
checker (drugs.com) and manually by Drug Interaction Fact 2014. A total of 699 potential DDIs
were detected from 135 patients from one-year study period. The incidence of DDIs was 92.60%
with 5.01% actual adverse event detected due to DDIs. Pharmacodynamic interactions
accounted for 46.64% with the most significant level at a moderate level (59.37%). In conclusion,
The prevalence of DDIs in geriatric patients with CKD was found high and major level of
significance adverse event hyperkalemia was found caused by the DDIs.

The Alpha-Amylase Inhibition Potential of Endophytic Fungi from Indonesian Bay Leaves (Eugenia polyantha WIGHT.)

Indonesian people use bay leaves as spices in local culinary and as traditional medicine, particularly to treat
diabetes. The problems with the mass production of antidiabetic drugs from bay leaves can be solved by
utilizing endophytic fungi as an alternative source for antidiabetic compounds. This study aimed to isolate
endophytic fungi from bay leaves and identify their antidiabetic activity through the in vitro inhibition of
alpha-amylase. The leaves were processed on potato dextrose agar media, and five isolates were grown in
an agar medium. The fermentation used a potato dextrose yeast medium that was left for five days on an
orbital shaker at room temperature. The crude was extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. In the in vitro
alpha-amylase inhibition test, the antidiabetic assay used the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungi.
The inhibition percentage was calculated from the absorbance value read by a microplate reader. All isolates
inhibited alpha-amylase activity, but only three of them had high inhibition percentages (14.385%,
12.849%, and 39.246%). As a conclusion, the endophytic fungi isolated from bay leaves are potential as an
alternative source for the production of secondary metabolites to cure diabetes.