Tag: muhammadiyah

Bahwa sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia bermukim di pedesaan merupakan hal yang diketahui secara umum. Dan bahwa pembangunan pedesaan menjadi sangat penting tidak perlu diperdebatkan. Juga bahwa hasil-hasil pembangunan,terutama pembangunan pertanian, telah dapat memperbaiki kehidupan petani tidak perlu disangkal. Tapi, suatu hal yang selalu menjadi pertanyaan adalah mengapa kondisi kehidupan di pedesaan selalu tertinggal dibandingkan dengan kehidupan di perkotaan, walaupun keduanya sama-sama melaksanakan dan menikmati hasil-hasil pembangunan.

Pentingnya pengembangan kota-kota menengah dan kecil di negara berkembang ditegaskan oleh Rondineli, “agar menjadi pusat pelayan sosial dan umum, perdagangan, pasar regional, pengolahan hasil pertanian, pusat industri kecil, dukungan transportasi, dan komunikasi antara pedesaan dan perkotaan”. Byung Nak Sung mengusulkan “pengembangan kota menengah dan kecil di Korea untuk mendukung pengembangan kota besar dan metropolitan”

Di Jakarta, kemacetan lalu lintas merupakan pemandangan sehari-hari. Kalau dulu hanya terjadi pada jam-jam tertentu saja, yaitu pada jam-jam pergi dan pulang kantor. Sekarang jam berapa saja dan di mana saja terjadi kemacetan lalu lintas. Apalagi kalau hari hujan. Sekadar contoh saja. Kalau kita dari Pasar Minggu, sebelum pertigaan Kalibata terus ke Pancoran sudah macet. Pada ruas jalan Cawang, Semanggi, terutama setelah Jembatan Kuningan sejumlah kendaraan merayap seperti bekicot.

Tanggal 31 Mei 1990 telah dicanangkan sebagai “Hari Bebas Tembakau Sedunia” yang ketiga. Dalam rangka itu, masyarakat perokok di Indonesia pun di himbau untuk tidak merokok pada hari tersebut. Perbincangan bahaya asap rokok sebenarnya sudah mulai santer setelah Depkes bekerjasama dengan kantor Menetri KLH dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM)menyelenggarakan seminar tentang rokok Banyak pendapatdan tulisan para pakar tentang rokok kemudian bermunculan di media massa.

Lebaran sebagai hari kemenangan yang perlu dirayakan bersama keluarga telah memunculkan tradisi khas Indonesia. Tradisi mudik. Entah kapan tradisi ini dimulai. Tapi yang jelas, setiap menjelang Lebaran terminal bus dan stasion kereta api diserbu pemudik. Begitu juga kira-kira seminggu setelah lebaran, Jakarta ataupun kota-kota besar lainnya sibuk ” menyambut ” penduduknya yang baru saja berlebaran di kampung halamn.

Pada setiap bulan April kita terutama kaum wanita selalu memperingati hari kelahiran seorang pejuang emansipasi wanita, Raden Ajeng Kartini. Pada zamannya dimana kaum wanita hanya menjadi warga masyarkat kelas dua, dengan caranya sendiri beliau berjuang mengangkat harkat dan derajat kaumnya. Beliau memperjuangkan persamaan hak bagi kaum wanita untuk memperoleh kesempatan yang sejajar dengan kaum pria. Sekarang harus diakui bahwa perjuangan beliau telah menunjukan hasil. Banyak kaum wanita menduduki jabatan penting dan pekerjaan yang patut di banggakan. Mulai dari pengusaha, pejabat pemerintah seperti dirjen, menteri dan duta besar, dokter, profesor dan bahkan calon antariksawati

The study aims to find out how Indonesian EFL students perceive and make use of washback of portfolio
assessment in reading academic texts. To explore washback of portfolios, 20 students from English department at
the faculty of education were interviewed. The result revealed that the students had positive perceptions because
the washback improved their reading strategy, contributed positive changes to their learning attitude, and
cultivated their learning autonomy. They also perceived portfolio assessment a ‘novel’ method in assessing their
reading and a helpful tool in learning; therefore, they made use of portfolio assessment for future teaching and
learning guidelines. In spite of the positive washback of portfolios, a further study has to be done because
teachers have some challenges, such as preparing an appropriate design and taking time into account when
applying portfolios in language assessment.

This paper reports the use of recast technique in correcting students’ errors in the EYL (English for Young Learners) classroom. Observation and interview methods were conducted to collect the data. While observation was implemented to find out the role of recast in teaching-learning processes, interview to ten teachers and twenty-four students was conducted in order to answer teachers and students’ perceptions of recast technique. Findings showed that teachers and students gave positive perceptions of recast. Recast can encourage students’ language awareness, motivation, and independence. The findings of this study suggest that recast technique can be used as an alternative feedback in giving correction to students’ errors. The study confirms literature showing that recast is an effective corrective feedback.

The study aims to find out the responses of Oral Corrective Feedback and Students’ Uptake on EFL students’
learning process in speaking class and to identify the most frequent type of oral corrective feedback and uptakes
by one non-native teacher and EFL students. To find out the responses and the types, the classroom observation
and interview were done. The results revealed that explicit correction is the most frequent type of oral corrective
feedback used by the teacher and self- repair as the most frequent type of students’ uptakes. Regarding the
responses of giving oral corrective feedback, the student admitted that 1) they became aware of their own errors;
2) they were motivated to improve their speaking skill; 3) their pronunciation and grammar input improved; and,
4) their vocabulary enriched. In spite of the positive responses of the students on the explicit correction, a further
study should be done with a different level of English proficiency in order to obtain comprehensive contributions
to the importance of feedbacks and uptakes in the learning process.

This paper analyses technical efficiency and return to scale in the Indonesia economy during the
year of 1967 to 2013. These range of years covering two eras of Indonesian government; the New
Order era that lasted between the year of 1966 to 1998 and the Reformation era during the year 1998
to 2014. The analysis was also based on the Indonesia economy’s business cycle those categorised
as Oil Booming Phase (1967-1981), Recession Phase (1982-1986), Deregulation Phase (1987-1996),
Multidimension Crisis Phase (1997-2001) and Economic Recovery Phase (2002-2013). Using data on
Gross Domestic Product based on constant price of the year 2000, capital stock with the same based
year and employment (1967-2013), Cobb-Douglas production functions were exercised to calculate
technical efficiency and return to scale employing regression analysis tehniques. The results shows
that technical effiency during the New Order Goverment were better than those during Reformation
Goverment. The results also showed that technical efficiencies vary among phases in the Indonesian
economy.