Author: Panduan Skripsi

This research aims to find the Islamic da’wah values in Api Tauhid novel by Habiburrahman El Shirazy using genetic structural study. This research is qualitative research using content analysis technique. The findings of the values observed in terms of da’wah bil hikmah method are 28 pieces, da’wah bil mauidzah alhasanah method are 48 pieces, and da’wah bil mujadalah alhusna method are only 9 pieces. Meanwhile, the values of Islamic da’wah in terms of the da’wah material are as follows. The Islamic da’wah values of aqidah material are 21 pieces. And Islamic da’wah values in terms of morality material are 22 pieces. Thus, the overall total of the values of Islamic Da’wah is 128 pieces. It can be concluded that the da’wah bil almauidzah alhasanah is more widely used in the Islamic da’wah method of Api Tauhid novel. And da’wah material that is more widely used in the Islamic da’wah of the novel is morality (morality for God and neighbor). From the above conclusion, it is understandable that the da’wah conducted by Habiburrahman in the Api Tauhid novel talks more about morals through bil mauidzah alhasanah (good word) method. The researcher found the correlations between the content of the novel with the author’s life. First, the characters of Hamza and Bilal who know the
biography of a remarkable scholar Bediuzzaman Said Nursi in very detail, so that in the story they are able to tell Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s struggle coherently. Secondly, the depiction of the characters in the novel are very religious, especially the main character, Fahmi. Religious background is created no other than the madrasah he attended, after which he studied at boarding schools, and finally he enrolled to study religion in the
Middle Eastern country. Third, the story when Fahmi invited by his friend, Hamza (the Turk) to get around Turkey in memory of the history of the struggle of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Fourth, it is told in the novel about the Fahmi, Hamza and his friends’ trip in Turkey. They visited various places that become the traces of the history of Islam and the struggle of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Based on the correlation explained above, the author in his work cannot be separated from the circumstances of the surrounding community. In this case, the characteristics, ideological, political, economic, and social culture’s are influental on this Habiburrahman’s work. Social culture that is attached to a work can be viewed from several aspects, such as: social culture, language, religion, employment, customs, arts, and others. The implication of this research is the implementation or application in High School which is expected to have a positive impact on students after
studying the literature teaching topic. Api Tauhid novel may be one of the sources of teaching Indonesian subject for High School class XII in the second semester.

BACKGROUND: Corncob is one of crude drug which containing phenolic compounds that can be used as an active ingredient for sunscreen preparations. In this study, extracts of dried corn cob made into a gel formulation using SRC (Semi Refined Carrageenan) and glucomannan as a gelling agent.
AIM: This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of SRC (Semi Refined Carrageenan) and glucomannan to the physical stability of the gel.
METHODS: Gel made into four formulas with a ratio of 1: 4 and the concentration of each formula was 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%. Each formula was evaluated for 6 weeks of storage that includes organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersive power, freeze-thaw test and centrifugation.
RESULTS: The results showed the fourth formula did not change the organoleptic test and homogeneity test. In the test separation of the freeze-thaw method, the fourth formula was stable, while in the centrifugation test formula 1 and 2 was been separation. pH and viscosity results obtained from statistics with a two-way ANOVA showed significant differences in each formula.
CONCLUSION: From the results of this study concluded that the formula 3 with a concentration of 2% was the optimal concentration as a gelling agent.

Citric acid is one of acid source that can increase dissolving time of effervescent
tablet. This study aims at determining the optimal concentration of citric acid as
acid source on dissolving time of effervescent tablet. Pericarp mangosteen
(Garcinia mangostana L) dry extracts macerated with water, and powder made by
spray drying process. Dry powder obtained was made into 5 formulas effervescent
tablets used different concentrations of citric acid, i.e. 20.0, 22.5, 25.0, 27.5, and
30.0%. The tablets were evaluated included organoleptic evaluation, weight
uniformity, size uniformity, hardness, friability, and dissolving times. The data in this
research were physical properties of granule and tablets. For physical granule
properties, i.e. flow time was fulfilling criteria, its flow time under 10 seconds for 100
g of granule. And also for angle of repose it was fulfill the criteria, it value was 25-
o
45 . The tablet data of dissolve time fulfilling criteria its value was under 1-5
minutes all. For pH value all the formula were safe to be consumed, the average
value was 4.347. By one-way ANOVA test dissolving time data there were
differences each other. It could be concluded that the optimum concentration of
citric acid as an acid source on dissolving time of the pericarp mangosteen
(Garcinia mangostana L.) dry extract effervescent tablets was formula 4 with citric
acid concentration of 27.5%.

Papaya seed in previous research is known has an effect of anthelmintic on Ascardia
galli, but the effect of papaya seed just by traditional method i.e. boiling in water. To get
the effective extraction methods, it still needs to be done many kinds of extraction methods
of papaya seed, to know which one is the best. Methods of extraction in this research were
maceration, soxhletation, and ultrasonic digestion. We used two kinds of papaya seed: wet
and dry, using solvent: water, 70% ethanol, and n-hexane. Data of anthelmintic activity
were percentage of worm death, LD50, and relative potential to pyrantel pamoate as positive
control. The result showed that the best extraction method of papaya seed which had
highest in vitro effect on Ascardia galli worm was maceration method with 70% ethanol as
solvent of wet papaja seed. It killed 60% of worm with LD50 9.36 mg and its relative
potential is 0.66 times pyrantel pamoate.

This research analyses the historical development of the Tarbiyah movement in Indonesia. Specifically, it analyses on how and to what extent the da’wa of the Tarbiyah movement has been transformed due its changing of religious, social and political dynamics of Indonesia since 1970s until now. Based on this written document-based research, I argue that the gradual transition of the Tarbiyah movement from a politically repressed network of religious purists in the 1970-80s into a fully-fledged dakwah political party (the Prosperous Justice Party /PKS) was the outcome of new ‘political opportunities’ which emerged during a period of demo­cratisation. The political situation during the time of the Tarbiyah movement’s emergence in the early 1980s saw state repression of Islamic movements and this constraint on political opportunity structures was one of the main factors causing the Liqo to be informally organised. Only in the post-New Order period (begun in 1998) did the movement start to generate its formal organizational structure in the shape of a political party named the PK(S). The move towards formality aimed to take advantage of the ‘political opportunity’ provided by a more democratic government, while the less formal and the informal aspects of their organisation supports the party in recruiting new members and mobilizing its sympathisers.

Tobacco has lots of active compounds that can be used as raw material for making natural insecticides. Tenebrio
molitor and Zophobas morio are examples of agricultural pests. The purpose of this study was to determine LC50 values of
tobacco extract on Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio. Previous research showed that tobacco extract had neurotoxin
activity and nicotine was the highest content contained in the tobacco leaves. Tobacco extract was obtained by the Extended
Heat Reflux Extraction method with ethanol solvent. LC50 values of tobacco extract for Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas
morio were 21.1 mg/ml and 71.1 mg/ml, respectively.

Swamedikasi merupakan upaya pengobatan sendiri oleh
masyarakat untuk mengatasi gejala penyakit, tanpa bantuan dari tenaga
kesehatan. Penatalaksanaan yang irrasional dapat mengakibatkan berbagai
kerugian seperti kesalahan pengobatan karena ketidaktepatan diagnosis
sendiri; penggunaan obat tidak sesuai karena perolehan informasi yang salah
dari media; pemborosan waktu dan biaya; dapat menimbulkan reaksi obat
yang tidak diinginkan seperti sensitivitas, alergi, efek samping atau resistensi.
Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan
pengetahuan masyarakat lingkungan RW 18 Desa Cijengkol Kabupaten
Bekasi terutama para ibu mengenai obat yang rasional serta pemberian
informasi Dagusibu (Dapatkan Gunakan Simpan dan Buang obat) di
lingkungan rumah tangga. Penyuluhan diberikan dengan metode ceramah
interaktif. Efektifitas penyuluhan diuji dengan rancangan quasi eksperimental
pre dan post design. Peserta diberi kuisioner pre-test, selanjutnya diberi
intervensi penyuluhan dan terakhir diberikan kuisioner post-test. Hasil
pengamatan kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa para peserta sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan dan hasil analisis data menunjukkan adanya pengaruh
pemberian penyuluhan dalam peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai
penggunaan obat rasional (POR) dalam swamedikasi berdasarkan hasil uji tberpasangan
dan uji wilcoxon.

Paederia foetida, locally (Indonesia) known as “sembukan “and “skunkvine” (English), is one of Rubiaceae
family member that has a diverse pharmacological and phytochemical importance. The name derives from the
distinct odor when the leaves are crushed. The species name “foetida” is a Latin word for “stinky” or “foul
smelling”. The current work was investigated to perform the morphoanatomical, physicochemical,
phytochemical analysis and flavonoids content of Paederia foetida Linn. Pharmacognostical studies were carried
out for different parameters include macroscopic, microscopic, and fluorescence. Physicochemical parameters,
like the loss on drying, ash value, extractive values, etc. were measured as per WHO guidelines. Preliminary
phytochemical screening was also performed for major groups of compounds and the flavonoid content. The
TLC profile of the leaves extracts (n-hexane, DCM and ethanolic) of P. foetida showed 9, 7 and 3 spots
respectively in the different solvents. The total flavonoid concentration was 1.32 mg/g, expressed as quercetin
equivalents. The various macroscopic, microscopic, physical and phytochemical parameters listed here for P.
foetida, and the present work can be used with respect to its identification, authentication, and standardization.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Indonesia often occurs in elderly (geriatric) patients
with various complications that cause polypharmacy which can increase the risk of drug-drug
interactions (DDIs). This study aimed to determine the incidence of DDIs and actual adverse
events in geriatric patients with CKD. This was a descriptive study where the samples were
collected retrospectively from medical record of the patients admitted in one tertiary care hospital
in Jakarta. Potential drug interaction was screened electronically using a drug interaction
checker (drugs.com) and manually by Drug Interaction Fact 2014. A total of 699 potential DDIs
were detected from 135 patients from one-year study period. The incidence of DDIs was 92.60%
with 5.01% actual adverse event detected due to DDIs. Pharmacodynamic interactions
accounted for 46.64% with the most significant level at a moderate level (59.37%). In conclusion,
The prevalence of DDIs in geriatric patients with CKD was found high and major level of
significance adverse event hyperkalemia was found caused by the DDIs.

Indonesian people use bay leaves as spices in local culinary and as traditional medicine, particularly to treat
diabetes. The problems with the mass production of antidiabetic drugs from bay leaves can be solved by
utilizing endophytic fungi as an alternative source for antidiabetic compounds. This study aimed to isolate
endophytic fungi from bay leaves and identify their antidiabetic activity through the in vitro inhibition of
alpha-amylase. The leaves were processed on potato dextrose agar media, and five isolates were grown in
an agar medium. The fermentation used a potato dextrose yeast medium that was left for five days on an
orbital shaker at room temperature. The crude was extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. In the in vitro
alpha-amylase inhibition test, the antidiabetic assay used the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungi.
The inhibition percentage was calculated from the absorbance value read by a microplate reader. All isolates
inhibited alpha-amylase activity, but only three of them had high inhibition percentages (14.385%,
12.849%, and 39.246%). As a conclusion, the endophytic fungi isolated from bay leaves are potential as an
alternative source for the production of secondary metabolites to cure diabetes.