Author: Panduan Skripsi

Lozenges require the tablet hardness of 7-14 Kgf to be a suitable binder. Gelatine can be used to meet the
requirement as it creates granules with bad flow time. PVP produces granules with better flow time but it
takes a large quantity to reach the lozenges hardness desired. This study aimed to determine the effect of the
concentration ratio of gelatine and PVP as binders on the physical properties of red-ginger extract lozenges.
Lozenges made employing the wet granulation method following the ratio of gelatine and PVP of 1:1, 1:2,
1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. The hardness test results of the formula 1 to 5 are 9, 14, 16, 13 and 12 Kgf respectively and
the friability test results were 0,4%, 0,7%, 0,2%, 0,3% and 0,6% accordingly. The combination of gelatine
and PVP as binders provide a significant difference in the hardness and friability of the tablets.

Turmeric is one of the plants that can be used as traditional medicine. To improve the quality of turmeric as
a traditional medicine, turmeric must be free from contamination of pesticide residues, aflatoxin, pathogen
bacteria, and curcumin content contained therein. The aim of this research was to investigate the
contamination of endosulfan and malathion pesticides, aflatoxin B1, Escherichia coli microbial
contamination, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as to know the
content of curcumin contained in turmeric rhizomes. The sample in this research was taken from Wonogiri
region of Central Java, Indonesia by random sampling. The methods used were HPLC for Aflatoxin B1
analysis and curcumin and Gas Chromatography for residual pesticide analysis of Endosulfan and
Malathion pesticides. Microbial testing included the establishment of Total Plate Count, AKK, MPN
Coliform, and analysis of Escherichia coli microbial contamination, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that the samples were not contaminated by Aflatoxin B1
and Endosulfan pesticides, but contained a residual malathion with levels of 0.014 mg/kg. Microbial test
results showed that the turmeric samples from the Wonogiri market did not meet the quality requirements
due to contamination of Salmonella sp. and the chopped AKK exceeded the specified limits.

Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) is one of the medicinal plants identified as a source of endophytic
bacteria producing secondary metabolites. Several studies have reported that secondary metabolite
compounds extracted from soursop leaves have inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi and
have anticancer activity. This study aims to isolate endophytic bacteria of soursop leaf and identify
molecular isolates producing antibacterial metabolites by PCR method. This study began with endophytic
bacterial isolation of soursop leaves, followed by screening for antibacterial potency using disc diffusion
method and identification of molecular isolates which had the highest antibacterial activity. After isolation,
three isolates were obtained: BW-1LM, BW-2LP, and BW-3LK. The result of antibacterial activity test
showed that BW-1LM isolate had the highest activity against bacterium of Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella
typhi test. Molecular identification was obtained by BW-1LW isolate having 99% similarity level to
Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 strain. The conclusion is soursop leaves contains endophytic bacteria which
have antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi.

Menurut data SUDINKES DKI Jakarta tahun 2016 menunjukkan bahwa kotamadya Jakarta Timur memiliki
jumlah populasi yang hipertensi lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan daerah lainnnya yaitu sebanyak 98422
orang. Konsumsi buah dan sayuran segar akan memberikan banyak manfaat bagi tubuh kita, bukan saja
rasanya yang enak tapi buah dan sayur kaya akan antioksidan yang bermanfaat untuk mencegah terjadinya
stres oksidatif dan bisa menjadi salah satu upaya dalam mencegah dan mengobati hipertensi. Berbagai buah
dan sayuran banyak yang telah diteliti memberikan khasiat antihipertensi. Pada pengabdian masyarakat ini
kami mengadakan Pelatihan pembuatan nutrisi dan penyuluhan penyakit hipertensi pada anggota PKK RT.
014 Perumnas Klender Jakarta Timur. Buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran yang kami gunakan adalah belimbing,
semangka, lemon, seledri dan mentimun.

Papaya seed in previous research is known has an effect of anthelmintic on Ascardia
galli, but the effect of papaya seed just by traditional method i.e. boiling in water. To get
the effective extraction methods, it still needs to be done many kinds of extraction methods
of papaya seed, to know which one is the best. Methods of extraction in this research were
maceration, soxhletation, and ultrasonic digestion. We used two kinds of papaya seed: wet
and dry, using solvent: water, 70% ethanol, and n-hexane. Data of anthelmintic activity
were percentage of worm death, LD50, and relative potential to pyrantel pamoate as positive
control. The result showed that the best extraction method of papaya seed which had
highest in vitro effect on Ascardia galli worm was maceration method with 70% ethanol as
solvent of wet papaja seed. It killed 60% of worm with LD50 9.36 mg and its relative
potential is 0.66 times pyrantel pamoate.

Ekstrak buah mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) memilki banyak kandungan kimia salah satunya Scopoletin. Namun perbedaan letak geografis suatu
tanaman dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya variasi kandungan metabolit dari suatu tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui parameter fisikokimia
pada ekstrak etanol 70% buah mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) dan untuk mengetahui apakah perbedaan daerah tumbuh dapat berpengaruh pada kadar
scopoletin pada ekstrak etanol 70% buah mengkudu. Hasil pengujian didapat ekstrak yang berasal dari purwakarta, sari larut air 26,0793 % , sari larut
etanol 11,6825 %, kadar abu 1,6517%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,3075%, kadar air 11,3014% sedangkan yang berasal dari bogor, sari larut air
42,4098%, sari larut etanol 22,2071%, kadar abu 1,0536%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,1001%, kadar air 8,0825%.Pengujian Kadar scopoletin
dilakukan dengan metode KLT-Densitometri. KLT menggunakan Fase diam silika gel GF254 dan fase gerak eter: toluen: asam asetat 10% (58:45:0,8).
Kadar scopoletin rata-rata daerah Purwakarta adalah 1,4895% dan untuk daerah Bogor adalah 2,4505%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mutu ekstrak yang
lebih baik adalah buah mengkudu yang berasal dari daerah Bogor dengan nilai parameter non spesifik lebih rendah dan nilai parameter spesifik lebih
tinggi.

Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) is an artificial epidermis
made in such a way that it resembles human skin, and can be used for the
identification of irritant chemicals, especially for cosmetic and topical medicinal
products. Currently the new RHE is produced by European and American
countries, whose skin physiology is very different from Indonesia. Based on
this, the Center for Research on Drugs and Food, NADFC of Republic of
Indonesia took the initiative to develop the reconstruction of keratinocyte,
melanocytes and fibroblasts cells into RHE adapted to the anatomical and
physiological functions of the skin of Indonesians. RHE is made from an epidermal
layer composed of keratinocyte and melanocytes cells that are reconstructed
with a dermis layer composed of fibroblast and collagen cells.
Keratinocyte, melanocytes and fibroblasts cells are cultured on suitable mediums
by adding a suitable growth medium. To find out that RHE has been
successfully reconstructed, measured percentage of cell life, made histology
preparation to see the existence of cell nucleus, and conducted Immunohistochemical
examination to see existence of integration (bond) between antigen.
From the research results can be seen that keratinocyte cells grown on culture
medium Keratinocyte SFM (IX) with rEGF supplements; melanocyte cells
grown on Melanocyte 254 culture medium with HMGS supplementation; and
fibroblast cells grown on Fibroblast M 106 culture medium with LSGS supplementation.
The percentage of epidermal cell life grew well in the planting of
10 � 104 cells /mL keratinocytes and 0.25 � 104 cells /mL of melanocyte cells
and survived until the 11th day with live cell percentage of 93.45%. In making
preparation for histology with HE staining, there is a cell life in RHE tissue.
Used Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination using cytokeratin 10 antibody
marker to view physiological function of epidermal tissue.

Insektisida nabati dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan dan mencegah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh nyamuk. Salah satu alternatif bahan insektisida
nabati adalah daun zodia (Evodia suaveolens Scheff.) yang telah dikenal sebagai tanaman pengusir nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
efek larvasida dan nilai LC50 dari ekstrak daun zodia terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes albopictus dan Culex spp. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak nheksan
daun zodia dengan variasi konsentrasi 10 ppm; 31,62 ppm; 99,98 ppm; 316,13 ppm; 1000 ppm dan kontrol. Metode yang digunakan adalah
metode bioassay yang telah distandarisasi oleh WHO (2005). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa kematian 50% larva nyamuk Aedes albopictus dan Culex spp. (LC50-24 jam) adalah 106,036 ppm dan 116,9110 ppm. Berdasarkan hasil uji probit
nilai LC50 masuk ke dalam rentang 100-149 ppm maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksan daun zodia termasuk ke dalam golongan larvasida
dengan tingkat toksisitas moderat tinggi.

BACKGROUND Memory is a vital function of the brain. Aerobic exercise has a positive
effect on memory’s function, but the appropriate combination of intensity and duration
of aerobic exercise is still unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of
optimum combinations of intensity and duration of aerobic exercise on spatial memory
function.

This study aims to determine the effect of training and work discipline as exogenous factors on employee
performance at PT Metro Taruna Jakarta. The 82 respondents as a sample and data analysis and process
techniques used are validity, reliability, descriptive analysis, normality test, multicollinearity test,
heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test, multiple linear regression analysis, simultaneous test,
coefficient test, and correlation coefficient of determination. Based on the results of data processing
Correlation and Determination Coefficients, the nature of the relationship between training, work
discipline and employee performance is affected, because the correlation coefficient is 0.910 and the
coefficient of determination r2 = 0.824 or 82.4%, meaning 82.4% variation or change in employee
performance variables is the contribution of the influence of training and work discipline variables, while
the remaining 17.6% is contributed by the influence of other factors such as compensation, workloads that
are not comparable to payments, lack of motivation, high levels of work stress, low levels of promotion and
others.